Cherokee syllabary chart

The Cherokee language is unique in that what is often referred to as an alphabet in the language is actually a syllabary, a collection of syllables, such that the syllabary can be constructed as a chart with vowels along the x-axis and consonants along the y-axis creating the ability for a chart to map each syllable a function of the x- and y ...

Oct 19, 2023 · Sequoyah was one of the most influential figures in Cherokee history. He created the Cherokee Syllabary, a written form of the Cherokee language. The syllabary allowed literacy and printing to flourish in the Cherokee Nation in the early 19th century and remains in use today. In the early years of the 19th century, the remarkable inventiveness ... Sequoyah ( Cherokee: ᏍᏏᏉᏯ, Ssiquoya, [a] or ᏎᏉᏯ, Se-quo-ya; [b] c. 1770 – August 1843), also known as George Gist or George Guess, was a Native American polymath and neographer of the Cherokee Nation. In 1821, he completed his independent creation of the Cherokee syllabary, making reading and writing in Cherokee possible. Can you name the Indian tribes native to America? Most non-natives can name the Apache, the Navajo and the Cheyenne. But of all the Native American tribes, the Cherokee is perhaps the best known. Here are 10 things to know about this ‘natio...Get free real-time information on USD/NEO quotes including USD/NEO live chart. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksCherokee Syllabary Ꭶ Ꭷ ᎾᎿ ᏍᏌ Ꮣ ᏔᏕ ᏖᏗ Ꮨ Ꮬ Ꮭ Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ Ꭸ Ꭹ Ꭺ Ꭻ Ꭼ Ꭽ Ꭾ Ꭿ Ꮀ Ꮁ Ꮂ Ꮃ Ꮄ Ꮅ Ꮆ Ꮇ Ꮈ Ꮉ Ꮊ Ꮋ Ꮌ Ꮍ Ꮑ Ꮒ Ꮓ Ꮔ Ꮕ Ꮖ Ꮗ Ꮘ Ꮙ Ꮚ Ꮛ Ꮞ Ꮟ Ꮠ Ꮡ Ꮢ Ꮩ Ꮪ Ꮫ Ꮮ Ꮯ Ꮰ Ꮱ Ꮲ Ꮳ Ꮴ Ꮵ Ꮶ Ꮷ Ꮸ Ꮹ Ꮺ Ꮻ Ꮼ Ꮽ Ꮾ Ꮿ Ᏸ Ᏹ Ᏺ Ᏻ ...

May 30, 2019 · Cherokee Nation Housing Authority; Cherokee Nation Human Resources; Election Commission; About The Nation Cherokee Written Language: Syllabary Above is a chart of the Cherokee syllabary, or alphabet, that Sequoyah wrote in 1821. The original syllabary he created was made up of a number of symbols, each based on a sound in the Cherokee spoken language. The need to create printed books and papers led to some changes of the characters, creating theVocabulary words are easy to organize with Pitman parallel lined paper. Cherokee Syllabary fits perfectly on the lines. Included is a chart of the Cherokee Syllabary on the back cover. 100 sheet notebook; Pitman parallel lined pages are ideal for language study; Perfect for Cherokee language classes, independent study, creativity & …Recommendation for Studying the Syllabary: This deck has cards tagged for each row they are in, e.g. the first row of characters "Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ" are all tagged row1, all of the characters tagged #row2 are in the second row of the syllabary chart, …The Cherokee Nation offers Cherokee language classes taught in person at sites across Cherokee Nation’s 14-county tribal area. For those not living inside the boundaries, language classes are also offered in an online setting. Adult Immersion Classes. Cherokee Language adult immersion classes teach individuals the basics of the Cherokee language.Explore the Charming Mentone Log Cabin Village! Discover a hidden treasure in Mentone, Alabama, where ten unique stores come together in one picturesque ...

Cherokee Written Language: Syllabary . Above is a chart of the Cherokee syllabary, or alphabet, that Sequoyah wrote in 1821. The original syllabary he created was made up of a number of symbols, each based on a sound in the Cherokee spoken language. The need to create printed books and papers led to some changes of the characters, creating the ...You have a lot of options for cooking oils. Some are better at certain temperatures, others are best with certain types of food. The folks over at MyFitnessPal have created a chart that helps you pick which oils are best for what kind of co...WRITING WORDS IN CHEROKEE ENGLISH PHONETIC HOW YOU SAY IT CHEROKEE SYLLABARY Use syllabary chart or refer to this link:Feb 2, 2012. TAHLEQUAH, Okla. -- Cherokee Nation translation specialists Phyllis Edwards first learned the Cherokee syllabary from her uncle Ben Bush when she was a young girl. "My first language was the Cherokee language. That was all that was taught in the home. I was about 6 years old when I first starting learning the English language and ...The Syllabary. From Serif to Sans-Serif. The History. In 1821 Sequoyah invented the Cherokee Syllabary . His original form is curvy and doesn’t resemble much of the block print syllabary we are used to . Slideshow 2104883 by adara. Browse . Recent Presentations Content Topics Updated Contents Featured Contents.The New Testament transcribed entirely in Cherokee. Republished by permission of the American Bible Association by Cherokee Nation. Highlighted the words of Jesus Christ in red. Features record page for births, marriages, and deaths along with genealogy chart. Cherokee Syllabary chart within book. Presentation pag

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Signs of Cherokee Culture illustrates the tenacity of the Cherokee to keep their culture and identity, defines the role and significance of the Sequoya syllabary, and adds an important volume on Native American literacy to the anthropologic literature."--James A. Bird, Cultural Resources Manager, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.Nov 1, 2022 · Use of the Syllabary. Sequoyah and his daughter Ahyokah demonstrated their syllabary to Cherokee leaders in Arkansas and North Carolina, and quickly convinced the nation of its usefulness. It ... Anitsiskwa. "Anitsiskwa" or "Anitsisqua" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᏥᏍᏆ) is the "Bird Clan". [1] Members of the Anitsiskwa, or Bird Clan, were historically known as messengers. The belief that birds are messengers between earth and heaven, or the People and Creator, gave the members of this clan the responsibility of caring for the birds.icons, symbols, and indexes. The famous Cherokee syllabary chart published by missionary Samuel Worcester (and widely reproduced) operates as an icon of the syllabary for locals and tourists alike. When syllabary characters are representing sounds of Cherokee speech, which is a learned social convention, then they are functioning as …A printable syllabary chart can be found here: Cherokee Syllabary Handout. Activity #3: Trace the Letters of the Cherokee Syllabary Use the worksheet found on page four of this resource to have youth practice tracing the different letters in the Cherokee syllabary. Resource Link: Trace the Cherokee Syllabary (found on page 4)Previous scholars have explored the Cherokee Syllabary in-depth, but did not apply a systematic formal and structural analysis to the sign inventory. Through my analysis, I observe that 1) MCS (Modern Cherokee Syllabary) is a syllabic system, 2) OCS (Original Cherokee Syllabary) may have features of a mixed system

individual characters. They learn and teach the syllabary in terms of this chart, and they recite the syllabary from left to right, beginning with the top row and proceeding to the bottom. They have presumably done so for generations. Figure z shows the syllabary with the phonetic values of each of the characters. Below is the Lord’s Prayer written in Cherokee Syllabary and in phonetics for those of you who want to follow along. 1. ᎣᎩᏙᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎮᎯ, Ogidoda glvladi hehi ... Just follow the link below to our Cherokee Syllabary chart. You can then take the Syllabary from the chart and translate it into the proper pronunciation. https ...NOTE ON CHEROKEE PRONUNCIATION: We are following the standard English phonetics commonly in use. These appear on the syllabary chart produced by Samuel Worcester and others in 1828. The six vowels are ALWAYS spelled and pronounced: a like “father” e like “late” i like “see” o like “over” u like “use” v like “uh huh”--nasalThey also offer an endangered language app through the iTunes Store, Cherokee Basic, which “consists of 467 audio files, including words, common phrases and 84 syllabary sounds, and a ‘zoom-able’ Cherokee syllabary chart” [17]. Two FirstVoices Mobile applications for learning First Nations languages were released at the tail end of …A Handbook of the Cherokee Verb written by Durbin Feeling, Craig Kopris, Jordan Lachler, Charles van Tuyl. See, Say, Write Textbook in PDF format along with the audio files in MP3 format. This file is a chart for teaching and learning the pronoun prefixes for Cherokee verbs. Chart of the Cherokee syllabary.individual characters. They learn and teach the syllabary in terms of this chart, and they recite the syllabary from left to right, beginning with the top row and proceeding to the bottom. They have presumably done so for generations. Figure z shows the syllabary with the phonetic values of each of the characters.Cherokee Language Grammar. The following is from the Brief Specimens of Cherokee Grammatical Forms as printed in the The Cherokee Messenger (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏛ) in the years 1844 to 1846. The original text used ’ds’ for the soft ’ts’ sound. These have been replaced with ’ts’ to be consistent with the entirety of the dictionary.With the publication of the first issue of the Cherokee Phoenix ( Tsalagi Tsu-le-hi-sa-nu-hi) on February 21, 1828, at New Echota, Georgia, the Cherokee Nation became the first Native American tribe with a newspaper. The weekly newspaper used the 86- character Cherokee syllabary developed by the Cherokee Sequoyah in 1821.

The charts below show the syllabary in recitation order, left to right, top to bottom as arranged by Samuel Worcester, along with his commonly used transliterations. [5] [6] He played a key role in the development of Cherokee printing from 1828 until his death in 1859.

Its loss would spell the ruin of an integral part of Cherokee identity.” Cherokees are unique in having developed a completely indigenous writing system, Cushman says. The Cherokee syllabary was created by a Cherokee man named Sequoyah who formally introduced his writing system to the Cherokee tribal council in 1821.The Cherokee Nation offers Cherokee language classes taught in person at sites across Cherokee Nation’s 14-county tribal area. For those not living inside th...the Cherokee community and gave me the invaluable opportunity to get involved with Cherokee Nation teacher training workshops in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Once the grammar was underway he provided detailed proofreading of several drafts of the manuscript. The other members of my committee have supplied much usefulGet free real-time information on USD/NXT quotes including USD/NXT live chart. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe Cherokee language is unique in that what is often referred to as an alphabet in the language is actually a syllabary, a collection of syllables, such that the syllabary can be constructed as a chart with vowels along the x-axis and consonants along the y-axis creating the ability for a chart to map each syllable a function of the x- and y ...Recommended video link: ‘Cherokee Syllabary & Flash Cards,’ Andrew Owens, 2:47 In addition, have youth use a Cherokee syllabary chart to practice reciting …May 30, 2019 · Cherokee Nation Housing Authority; Cherokee Nation Human Resources; Election Commission; About The Nation 1- ᏌᏊ 2- ᏔᎵ 3- ᏦᎢ 4- ᏅᎩ 5- ᎯᏍᎩ 6- ᏑᏓᎵ 7- ᎦᎵᏉᎩ 8- ᏣᏁᎳ 9- ᏐᏁᎳ 11- ᏌᏚ 12- ᏔᎵᏚ 13- ᏦᎦᏚ 14- ᏂᎦᏚ 15 ... This is especially true of Biblical Cherokee names. For example, Luga (pronounced loo-gah) is a Cherokee variant of the male name Luke, and Madi (pronounced mah-dee) is a Cherokee variant of the female name Martha. If you were going to use the Cherokee syllabary to spell the English name "Luke," you would spell it , but the Cherokee name "Luga ...

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15 Nov 2013 ... ... Cherokee syllabary – sometimes referred to as the Cherokee alphabet. A Cherokee man, Sequoyah invented the written form of his spoken ...‘g’ is nearly as in English, but approaching ‘k’. ‘d’ nearly as in English, but approaching to t. ‘h,’ ‘k,’ ‘l,’ ‘m,’ ‘n,’ ‘q,’ ‘s,’ ‘t,’ ‘w,’ and ‘y’ as in English.12 Feb 2020 ... Really helpful. The only reason I gave one less star is they need a syllabary chart that you can click each symbol and hear it.If you're studying the Cherokee Syllabary and need some assistance, be sure to download our free syllabary chart, created by our Language Program, for...Did you know: We have great Cherokee language resources available online that can be downloaded and printed right from your computer or saved to your cell phone , including this poster of colors Learn how to pronounce the Cherokee word for these colors by finding the Cherokee letters from our Syllabary chart and translating it.Whether you’re in the market for a mid-sized SUV or want to learn more about the Jeep brand, this simple guide will help you gain a basic understanding of the Jeep Grand Cherokee. From Grand Cherokee problems to the model’s history, learnin...In 1821, George Guess, a full-blooded Cherokee also known as Sequoyah, invented the Cherokee "syllabary." The syllabary allowed the Cherokee to read and ...The Cherokee Nation offers Cherokee language classes taught in person at sites across Cherokee Nation’s 14-county tribal area. For those not living inside th...The Cherokee Nation offers Cherokee language classes taught in person at sites across Cherokee Nation’s 14-county tribal area. For those not living inside the boundaries, language classes are also offered in an online setting. Adult Immersion Classes. Cherokee Language adult immersion classes teach individuals the basics of the …Pulte, William Outline of Cherokee grammar "Outline of Cherokee grammar [by] William Pulte and Durbin Feeling": pages [235]-355 Cherokee syllabary chart in pocket ANTH copy 39088014942981 gift of Blair Rudes. NMAICRC copy 39088019484062 Gift from the Library of Robert M. Laughlin. ContentsCherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ, transliterated as tsalagi) is an Iroquoian language written with a unique syllabary writing system devised by Sequoyah in 1819. It is nowadays spoken by about 20,000 people. Transliteration system: Sequoyah. The Cherokee syllabary has been devised by Sequoyah to write the Cherokee language in 1819. After a lot of efforts ... ….

This is especially true of Biblical Cherokee names. For example, Luga (pronounced loo-gah) is a Cherokee variant of the male name Luke, and Madi (pronounced mah-dee) is a Cherokee variant of the female name Martha. If you were going to use the Cherokee syllabary to spell the English name "Luke," you would spell it , but the Cherokee name …Panther: I will advocate the syllabary writing for my Cherokee classes. The syllabary chart discourages many learners and speakers. I will have hands-on activities including kinesthetic and tactile, auditory, visual and lecture analytically about the syllabary chart. This will help them utilize the knowledge of the syllabary.The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language. His creation of the syllabary is particularly noteworthy in that he could not previously read any script. He first experimented with logograms, but his system later developed into a syllabary.The Cherokee language is unique in that what is often referred to as an alphabet in the language is actually a syllabary, a collection of syllables, such that the syllabary can be …Downloads. A keyboard layout showing the different syllabary characters along with the phonetics. Numbers 1 through 100 written in the Cherokee syllabary. Cherokee Phonetic Chart. A poster showing how Sequoyah had originally written the numbers 0 through 100. Sequoyah's original syllabary chart.Cherokee Type Syllabary Languages Cherokee language Time period 1820sKennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Activity: Cherokee Syllabary 1. Directions: Challenge yourself! Fill in the missing parts in each row with either the English word, the written Cherokee (syllabary), or the verbal Cherokee (pronunciation). Use your references. These include: your friends, the Cherokee syllabary chart, and the syllabary and a conventionalized syllabary chart (fig. 1). Characters were then grouped according to visible levels of correspon- dence between the script and print elements. Cherokee syllabary chart, NOTE ON CHEROKEE PRONUNCIATION: We are following the standard English phonetics commonly in use. These appear on the syllabary chart produced by Samuel Worcester and others in 1828. The six vowels are ALWAYS spelled and pronounced: a like “father” e like “late” i like “see” o like “over” u like “use” v like “uh huh”--nasal, SOLD. A non-traditional approach to the Cherokee Syllabary Chart. All 86 Cherokee Syllabary characters, some repeated, are represented in this piece, using 12 different Cherokee fonts that the Cherokee Language Department has developed/obtained over the years., First, the Cherokee alphabet is technically not an alphabet at all, but a syllabary. That means each Cherokee symbol represents a syllable, not just a consonant or a vowel. So using the English alphabet, the Cherokee word ama ("water") is written with three letters: a, m, and a. Using the Cherokee syllabary, the same word is written with only ... , "A syllabary chart adorned the wall of nearly every classroom in Cherokee Elementary School. Colorful paper signs containing messages such as "hello" written in syllabary hung on many classroom ..., The Vai syllabary was invented in about 1833 in Liberia by Mɔmɔlu Duwalu Bukɛlɛ, who was inspired by a dream to create a writing system for the Vai language. In 1854 a German philologist, S. W. Koelle, met Duwalu Bukele while researching the Vai language. He was told that in Bukele's dream a tall, venerable-looking white man in a long coat ..., The Cherokee Dawes Roll is a significant document that holds immense importance in Native American history, specifically for the Cherokee Nation. The creation of the Cherokee Dawes Roll can be traced back to the late 19th century when Congr..., A Cherokee phonetic keyboard for Mac is available to download. These installers are freely distributable keyboard layouts developed by Cherokee Nation Language Technology for Macintosh and allow the user to type in phonetics and convert the text into syllabary., yu. yv. Instructions. It's possible to type directly with the computer keyboard. Copy [Ctrl]+ [C] & Paste [Ctrl]+ [V] Online Cherokee keyboard to type a text with the Tsalagi alphabet., Cherokee (report), Omniglot. "Sequoyah", Cherokee (online conversion tool), Transliteration. Learning to Design a Cherokee Syllabary with Mark Jamra - Cooper Union lecture on sociohistorical background behind Sequoyah's invention, and attempts in designing modern Cherokee typefaces, Ꭱ Ꭰ Ꮃ Ꮵ Ꮐ Ꮽ Ꮺ Ꮅ Ꮑ Ꮌ Ꭹ Ᏹ Ꮟ Ꮲ Ꭳ Ꮇ Ꮄ Ꭽ Ꮼ Ꮰ Ꮤ Ᏼ Ꭿ Ꮝ Ᏺ Ꮁ Ꭺ Ꮷ Ꮍ Ꮞ Ꮠ Ꮯ Ꮘ Ꮗ Ꮜ Ꮖ Ꮓ Ꭷ Ꮸ Ꮢ Ꮒ Ꭶ, The Cherokee syllabary was invented by George Guess/Gist, a.k.a. Chief Sequoyah, of the Cherokee, and was developed between 1809 and 1824. At first Sequoyah experimented with a writing system based on logograms, but found this cumbersome and unsuitable for Cherokee. He later developed a syllabary which was originally cursive and hand-written ..., Feb 14, 2023 · A detailed chart of the Cherokee Syllabary including the consonants and vowels. In 1824 Sequoyah moved his family again, joining the Cherokee who had already settled in the Arkansas Territory. In 1827 he went to Washington with a delegation of western Cherokee in an attempt to preserve the Arkansas lands. , 2022, cherokee language, syllabary, working files Created Date: 9/26/2022 3:25:19 PM ..., Aug 18, 2023 · Cherokee Syllabary.svg. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. File. File history. File usage on Commons. File usage on other wikis. Metadata. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 × 421 pixels. Other resolutions: 320 × 169 pixels | 640 × 337 pixels | 1,024 × 539 pixels | 1,280 × 674 pixels | 2,560 × 1,348 pixels ... , Download syllabary charts and numbers with phonetics for the Cherokee language. See keyboard layout, Sequoyah's original syllabary and Sequoyah's original numbers 0 to 100., His syllabary had been accepted by the Cherokee National Council at its national capital in New Echota, Georgia, in 1825. The laws of the Cherokee nation were printed using the syllabary in 1826, while the bilingual, biscriptal newspaper the Cherokee Phoenix began printing in 1828 in New Echota using a newly designed typeface., Syllables beginning with ‘g’ except ‘ga’ have sometimes the power of ‘k.’ ‘go,’ ‘du,’ and ‘dv’ are sometimes sounded ‘to,’ ‘tu,’ and ‘tv,’ and syllables written with ‘tl’ except ‘tla’ sometimes vary to ‘dl.’ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᏍᏕᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᎷᎬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ [email protected] www.cherokee.org, www.cherokee.org ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ... syllabary handout phonetics Created Date: 11/30/2015 9:33:31 AM ... , The Book 'Signs of Cherokee Culture' is pegged on 14 Chapters. Written by Margaret Bender, the book talks about the community of the Eastern Group of Cherokee Indians in Western North Carolina. The book is weaved through a Semiotic Approach which is basically a way of interrogating the historic and contemporary role of the Sequoyan syllabary ... , The Book 'Signs of Cherokee Culture' is pegged on 14 Chapters. Written by Margaret Bender, the book talks about the community of the Eastern Group of Cherokee Indians in Western North Carolina. The book is weaved through a Semiotic Approach which is basically a way of interrogating the historic and contemporary role of the Sequoyan syllabary ... , First, the Cherokee alphabet is technically not an alphabet at all, but a syllabary. That means each Cherokee symbol represents a syllable, not just a consonant or a vowel. So using the English alphabet, the Cherokee word ama ("water") is written with three letters: a, m, and a. Using the Cherokee syllabary, the same word is written with only ..., The Cherokee primarily traded skins and furs for the settlers’ tools and weapons. Before the settlers arrived, the Cherokee had only hunted animals for their meat, so the trading significantly changed the Cherokee’s everyday lives., Its loss would spell the ruin of an integral part of Cherokee identity.” Cherokees are unique in having developed a completely indigenous writing system, Cushman says. The Cherokee syllabary was created by a Cherokee man named Sequoyah who formally introduced his writing system to the Cherokee tribal council in 1821., The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language. His creation of the syllabary is particularly noteworthy as he was illiterate until the creation of his syllabary. He first experimented with logograms, but his system later developed into a syllabary. In his system, each symbol …, May 30, 2019 · Cherokee Nation Housing Authority; Cherokee Nation Human Resources; Election Commission; About The Nation , "Paul" is from a Roman family name Paulus, which meant "small" or "humble" in Latin. The translation for "humble" in Cherokee would be "nu-tlv-quo-dv-na". Then you can go to the Cherokee syllabary chart and match up the phonetic sounds to the Cherokee syllabary. Please remember, to always ask if the translation would be appropriate as a ..., A syllabary chart is a chart displaying the syllabary letters. Subcategories. This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. G. ... Cherokee syllabary (2).png 694 × 365; 13 KB. Cherokee syllabary.png 450 × 583; …, Cherokee syllabary inscription from 1.5km into Manitou Cave (average element vertical height approximately 80mm) A. Cressler; Carrol, et. al., Antiquity. On April 30, 1828, a Cherokee stickball ..., Cherokee Phonetics ga na s da de di dla a e i o u v ge gi go gu gv ha he hi ho hu hv la le li lo lu lv ma me mi mo mu ne ni no nu nv qua que qui quo quu quv se si so su sv do du dv …, 2022, cherokee language, syllabary, working files Created Date: 9/26/2022 3:25:19 PM ..., May 30, 2008 · the Cherokee community and gave me the invaluable opportunity to get involved with Cherokee Nation teacher training workshops in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Once the grammar was underway he provided detailed proofreading of several drafts of the manuscript. The other members of my committee have supplied much useful , Cherokee Syllabary Chart.png 1,325 × 856; 175 KB. ... Cherokee syllabary Sequoyah's original order.svg 512 × 540; 133 KB. Cherokee syllabary.png 450 × 583; 50 KB. Cherokee Syllabary.svg 1,386 × 730; 293 KB. Das Buch der Schrift (Faulmann) 028.jpg. Flag of the CherokeeNation.png 918 × 614; 134 KB. Henry Inman - Sequoyah - Google Art Project ..., The Cherokee syllabary was created by Sequoyah, a Cherokee silversmith, in the year 1819. His contribution is noteworthy because he was completely illiterate and had no prior exposure to any form of written script. ... Each character denoted in a chart of symbols represents a particular sound, that ends with a vowel. The phonetic value of ...