Known for having some of the best trout fishing in the entire country, Pennsylvania stocked incredible numbers in Spring 2020. Some highlights include: Over 1,000 streams (spanning roughly 4,600) miles were stocked. 130 lakes (covering over 7,000 acres) were also stocked. 68% rainbow trout, 21% brown trout, and 11% brook trout …This dynamic Fish Planting Schedule is updated in real time, directly by CDFW Hatchery staff. Although it contains current information, all fish plants are subject to change depending on road, water, weather and operational conditions. Conditions permitting, the waters listed here will be restocked with catchable-size fish from CDFW hatcheries ...SALEM, Va. (WFXR) — The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources trout stocking program is getting back to normal after being sidetracked by the COVID-19 outbreak. Last spring, stockings were put on hold in many places, and scaled back in others because of the pandemic. Now, with social distancing and mask protocols in place, the …Here is a sample of the Virginia Daily Trout Stocking Schedule for the month of March: Date | Location | Type of Fish —|—|— March 1 | Big Stony Creek | …However, beginning October 1, 2023 it will be categorized as a Class B trout water and will receive a total of five stockings for the 2023-2024 stocking season. In addition to a fishing license, anglers will be required to have a trout license to fish the pond between October 1 and June 15; anglers will be limited to the use of one rod during ...Spring trout stocking begins in March and runs through early June. These listings reflect the anticipated distribution of yearling and older trout for the spring fishing season. Actual numbers and stocking times may vary depending on fish availability and weather conditions. The fish are stocked with help from County Federated Sportsmen.The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources is adding two lakes to its stocking schedule and will be stocking state parks and forests with trout, according to a new DNR news release. Gov.Oct 10, 2023 · A total of approximately 20,000 two-year old Rainbow Trout, averaging 14-16 inches will be stocked this fall. All trout are raised at the Pequest Trout Hatchery. Stocking will begin will begin Tuesday, October 10, 2023, and continue throughout the following week. In addition to these trout, up to 1,000 Broodstock trout (three-year old rainbow ... Photo by bwainwright0110 (Depositphotos) Perhaps the best brook trout lake in Virginia, Switzer Lake (also known as Skidmore Lake) is a 118-acre lake in the wooded mountains west of Harrisonburg. Brookies measuring 12 to 16 inches are common, and individuals up to 3 pounds have been confirmed.Here is a sample of the Virginia Daily Trout Stocking Schedule for the month of March: Date | Location | Type of Fish —|—|— March 1 | Big Stony Creek | …Source: Mountain Roots, Abandoned 1930s Trout Hatchery Reborn In Hills of Appalachia! mature trout are tossed into the middle of streams, jolting them to start swimming Source: Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Top 5 Virginia Trout Stocking Myths the schedule for stocking trout for the put-and-take fishery is advertised by the Virginia …Residents aged 12 through 15 years old are required to have a young angler trout stamp ($2.10). Residents 16 years and older but not over 65 are required to have a trout stamp ($4.20) when fishing in a designated trout stream on or between the first Saturday in April and June 30 and on or between the first Saturday in October and November 30 of ...Fishing Map. SYSTEM UPDATES. NOTICE: Trout Stocking and fishing at Bear Rock Lakes WMA has been suspended. For more information, click here. We update information on the Hunting & Fishing Interactive Map regularly. Please contact WV DNR GIS Program at (304) 637-0245 or [email protected] with questions or comments.The future of stocking tiger trout in Virginia has yet to be determined. However, DWR already has eggs ready to go for next season to continue the experiment at Coursey Springs. We may decide to expand to additional hatcheries and waters in the future. Planning for a stocking season begins two to three years in advance, so changing the …STOCKING UPDATE AS OF 10/11/2023: Fall stocking season has arrived and provides a unique opportunity to fish during a beautiful time of year in Connecticut. The annual fall trout production traditionally is about 10% of the spring production. This fall we expect about 50,000 trout. The focus will be on management waterbodies which generally haveDec 29, 2021 · Articles on Premier Angler may contain affiliate links. Please see our Affiliate Disclosure for more information. Updated December 28, 2021 Virginia Trout Stocking Schedule: The Best Fishing in 2022 Trout fishing across the upper southeast (like West Virginia) and the mid-Atlantic is a popular pastime. Virginia is no exception as thousands of anglers take to […] The future of stocking tiger trout in Virginia has yet to be determined. However, DWR already has eggs ready to go for next season to continue the experiment at Coursey Springs. We may decide to expand to additional hatcheries and waters in the future. Planning for a stocking season begins two to three years in advance, so changing the trout ... CHARLESTON, WV - Gov. Jim Justice today announced the launch of a new fall Monster Trout stocking program to coincide with West Virginia's regular fall trout stocking during the weeks of Oct. 17 and Oct. 24, 2022. The new Monster Trout stocking also includes a contest that rewards anglers who catch a monster trout. Anglers who hit the water during this special stocking will be greeted with ...The W.Va. Division of Natural Resources manages trout stocking at more than 200 rivers and streams and more than 70 lakes and ponds in West Virginia. Trout stocking rivers and stocking patterns may change, and an updated listed is available through division website. For updated stocking information, call the W.Va. Hunting & Fishing Hotline at (304) 558-3399. Anthony Creek, in Greenbrier County ...Virginia Trout Fishing Locations ; Bath · Botetourt · Carroll ; Fairfax · Frederick · Grayson ; Henry · Highland · Page ; Patrick · Prince William · Rockbridge.CHARLESTON, WV — Gov. Jim Justice and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) announced today that fall trout stocking is underway in West Virginia.With stockings beginning on Oct. 18 and continuing through Oct. 29, Gov. Justice and the WVDNR are encouraging anglers from across the state and nation to take …January 23, 2023 - 3:30 pm. A netful of trout on their way to a lake or river near you in West Virginia from a DNR hatchery. ELKINS, W.Va. — Despite the cold temperatures and snowy weather ...Explore West Virginia's natural beauty and catch a prized golden rainbow trout with our ultimate Gold Rush fishing trip bucket list. The sixth annual West Virginia Gold Rush is March 28 - April 8. This exciting event offers anglers an opportunity to catch golden rainbow trout, win prizes and explore the state's natural beauty.Daily fees are waived when trout stocking is suspended during the summer. In 1995, the daily creel limit for trout was increased from five to six fish. ... Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources 517 Lee Highway P.O. Box 996 Verona, VA 24482 (540) 248-9360. Department of Conservation & Recreation Rt. 1, Box 212 Millboro, VA 24460 Phone: 540 ...The fall trout stocking season has started for Virginia's urban program waters. In this report, Brendan Delbos, State Hatchery Superintendent, provides an o...Delayed Harvest Waters. From October 1 through May 31 fishing on the following waters is permitted under specific regulations only: Only artificial lures may be used. No trout may be in possession (catch and release only) while fishing these waters. No bait may be in possession while fishing these waters. Trout license required October 1–June 15.This dynamic Fish Planting Schedule is updated in real time, directly by CDFW Hatchery staff. Although it contains current information, all fish plants are subject to change depending on road, water, weather and operational conditions. Conditions permitting, the waters listed here will be restocked with catchable-size fish from CDFW …Explore the Wild: Find Public Lands Near You. Fish Local VA. LakesTrout Stocking Schedule ; Wednesday, October 4th. Trammel Creek, Allen County – 1,000; Jennings Creek, Warren County – 1,000 ; Monday, October 16th. Cranks Creek ...Photo by bwainwright0110 (Depositphotos) Perhaps the best brook trout lake in Virginia, Switzer Lake (also known as Skidmore Lake) is a 118-acre lake in the wooded mountains …Golden Rainbow Trout (Length): 27.5 inches, 8.63 lbs. Stonecoal Lake also produced West Virginia’s state record muskie for length (52.7 inches) which was broken in 2017. Spoiler: keep reading to learn more about that one. Stonecoal was also home to the state record rainbow trout (31.7 inches) until 2014.Spring has sprung and we are in the peak of our stocked trout season. There are a lot of misconceptions about the way we stock trout. Watch us debunk the top...Known for having some of the best trout fishing in the entire country, Pennsylvania stocked incredible numbers in Spring 2020. Some highlights include: Over 1,000 streams (spanning roughly 4,600) miles were stocked. 130 lakes (covering over 7,000 acres) were also stocked. 68% rainbow trout, 21% brown trout, and 11% brook trout …Other WV Stocking Locations ABOUT THE GOLDEN RAINBOW TROUT. West Virginia’s golden rainbow trout is prized by anglers young and old for its unmistakable, bright-yellow color. These fish were selectively and successfully bred by West Virginia Division of Natural Resources biologists over several years and introduced to the public in 1963 as ...Virginia’s trout season is open year-round and the general statewide limits are 6 trout per day, no fish less than 7 inches. There are a number of exceptions for certain areas and waters (i.e., heritage, urban, special area, special regulation, and fee fishing waters), so please study those sections for fishing times, dates, and limits. These ...For details see Special Regulation Trout Waters. U – Urban fishing waters, trout license required November 1 through April 30, stocked 5 times between November 1 and April 15. Stocking information for put-and-take stocking can be obtained on our website or by calling 434-525-FISH (3474). Both are updated after 3:00 pm each day fish are stocked. ROANOKE, Va. (WFXR) — The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) has resumed its fall to spring trout stocking program. The DWR will stock select streams, lakes, and ponds around the commonwealth with rainbow, brown, brook, and tiger trout, depending on the body of water between October and June. A daily stocking schedule can be […]The total includes over 2,900 miles of wild trout streams and about 600 miles of water inhabited with stocked trout. Virginia’s diversified trout habitat offers a wide range of trout fishing opportunities. Trout management in Virginia consists of three basic programs: The Catchable Trout Stocking Program is the best known and most popular ...From June 16 through September 30 anglers can fish in stocked trout waters without a trout license. Fee Fishing Areas (listed in Special Regulation Trout Waters) require a daily fishing permit in addition to an …West Virginia DNR - Trout Stocking Schedule. Official site of the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, WV State Parks, and WV Hunting and Fishing License. All reactions: 2. 20 shares. Like. Comment. Share.Parking or access fees may be required at some locations. Youth-Only Waters will be stocked three times between April 1 and June 1. Stocking times may vary depending on the distance from the hatchery to the receiving water. DWR will strive to stock between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm. DWR may postpone or change the date of any of these stocking events ...Young bass feed on zooplankton (microscopic animals) and insects until they are 2 to 3 inches long, when they switch to a fish diet. Adult bass usually eat fish, but they will also eat insects, frogs, and crayfish. In Virginia, bass should be 12 inches long in 2 to 3 years. Bass spawn once each spring when water temperatures reach 60-65° F.The Plan is designed to provide a blueprint for future direction of stocked trout management rather than specific details of day-to-day operations. The issue areas and associated goal statements are as follows: Announcement of stockings. Goal: Announce stockings using a variety of strategies (including prior announcement, post-stocking ...10 Mei 2022 ... (See the Trout Stocking Plan and Schedule) Virginia Fishing License required. Trout license also required between October 1 and June 15.West Virginia fishing rules and regulations and license information for West Virginia Residents and non-residents. BUY A LICENSE CHECK IN GAME. In Season: Wild Boar (Archery & Crossbow)- Sept. 30-Dec. 31, Deer (Archery & Crossbow)- Sept. 30-Dec. 31, ... Fish Stocking Sport Fish Identification Fishing Tournaments.Month to be stocked. Clark County. Boulder City Pond (Veteran’s Memorial Park) RB. January, February, March, November, December. CC. April, May, June, August, September, October. Bluegill may be stocked at Boulder City Pond/Veteran’s Memorial Park during the months of April, May, June. Cold Creek Pond.Rainbow Trout; Brook Trout; May 18, 2023: Botetourt County: Probert Creek [Heritage Day Water] ...Daily fees are waived when trout stocking is suspended during the summer. In 1995, the daily creel limit for trout was increased from five to six fish. ... Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources 517 Lee Highway P.O. Box 996 Verona, VA 24482 (540) 248-9360. Department of Conservation & Recreation Rt. 1, Box 212 Millboro, VA 24460 Phone: 540 ...ROANOKE, Va. (WFXR) — The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) has resumed its fall to spring trout stocking program. The DWR will stock select streams, lakes, and ponds around the commonwealth with rainbow, brown, brook, and tiger trout, depending on the body of water between October and June. A daily stocking schedule can be ...Photos by Meghan Marchetti As the temperatures and the leaves drop, our biologists are stuffing the waters around Virginia with trout for you to catch this fall. The autumn trout stocking season in Virginia is in full effect. Despite the cooler weather, fall is actually a prime time to fish.However, beginning October 1, 2023 it will be categorized as a Class B trout water and will receive a total of five stockings for the 2023-2024 stocking season. In addition to a fishing license, anglers will be required to have a trout license to fish the pond between October 1 and June 15; anglers will be limited to the use of one rod during ...October 09 thru October 11, 2023. The NC Wildlife Resources Commission stocks trout within its Public Mountain Trout Waters program. This page will help you find the schedule of upcoming stockings in either Hatchery Supported or Delayed Harvest Trout Waters, as well as a list of recently stocked waters.Oct 5, 2023 · trophy-size and monster trout at 43 lakes and streams around the state. Lakes and streams scheduled to receive a fall trout stocking during the weeks of Oct. 17 and Oct. 24 are listed below. Each water will be stocked each week for a total of two stockings. Stocking Locations Pond Fork R.D. Bailey Tailwaters Rivers and Streams Rock Cliff Lake ... This fee area is located in southwest Virginia, about 7 miles west of Saltville. A daily permit ($8.00) is required from the first Saturday in April through September 30. Trout are stocked 4 times per week throughout the fee period, and fishing begins at 5:00 a.m. daily, except for 9:00 a.m. on opening day, and ends one hour after sunset. You must have a reservation to fish, and anglers pay a daily fee and have a 5 fish limit. Fishing hours are from 8 am to 3 pm. Call 540-874-4166 or 540 586-4455 for reservations, more information, and current pricing. Rock Hollow Trout Farm. 1250 Rock Hollow Lane. Bedford, VA 24523.Trout stocking maps. Each year ODFW stocks millions of trout in dozens of reservoirs, lakes and ponds across the state. Finding these locations is easy using our trout stocking maps. Use these Google-based trout stocking maps in conjunction with the weekly trout stocking schedule to help plan your next fishing trip.For Release: Oct. 21, 2021 Contact: Andy Malinoski CHARLESTON, WV — Gov. Jim Justice and the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) announced today that fall trout stocking is underway in West Virginia.With stockings beginning on Oct. 18 and continuing through Oct. 29, Gov. Justice and the WVDNR are encouraging anglers …West Virginia’s golden rainbow trout is prized by anglers young and old for its unmistakable, bright-yellow color. These fish were selectively and successfully bred by West Virginia Division of Natural Resources biologists over several years and introduced to the public in 1963 as part of West Virginia’s centennial celebration. MFS WEST VIRGINIA MUNICIPAL BOND FUND CLASS I- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMFS WEST VIRGINIA MUNICIPAL BOND FUND CLASS B- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe trout stocking season runs from the first Saturday in April to September 30th. The stream is divided up into four different sections. The stocking schedule for what sections of the stream get stocked on what days of the week can change, so make sure you read the signs when you arrive at the stream.Delayed Harvest Waters. From October 1 through May 31 fishing on the following waters is permitted under specific regulations only: Only artificial lures may be used. No trout may be in possession (catch and release only) while fishing these waters. No bait may be in possession while fishing these waters. Trout license required October 1–June 15. Crooked Creek Wildlife Management Area offers excellent fishing opportunity for both native and stocked trout. The area was first developed and managed as a fee fishing area, and currently offers about 2.8 miles of native brook trout water and 3.5 miles of stocked rainbow and brown trout water. The fee fishing area is open seven days a week ...Of that total, 35,000 pounds of trout weighing 1-2 pounds and 6,500 pounds of monster trout weighing 3-6 pounds will be stocked. Out of the monster trout, five fish will have a tag that can be redeemed for a grand prize. In October of 2022, Governor Justice announced the launch of a new stocking program to coincide with fall trout stockings.Virginia offers excellent, extremely diverse angling opportunities. With over 176,000 acres of public lakes and 27,300 miles of fishable streams, Virginia is sure to provide something for every freshwater angler. ... Daily Trout Stocking Schedule; Shad Cam at Bosher's Dam; Angler Surveys; Mandatory Saltwater Angler Registry; Snakehead ...Updated: Oct 14, 2023 / 01:44 PM EDT. CHARLESTON, W.Va. — West Virginia Governor Jim Justice announced on October 13, that the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources will begin fall trout stocking during the weeks of Oct. 16 and Oct. 23. The state's second annual Monster Trout Contest will also return during the same time.The fall trout stocking season has started for Virginia's urban program waters. In this report, Brendan Delbos, State Hatchery Superintendent, provides an o...Keep only what you need release the rest to reproduce, grow, and become a Trophy Trout. Sotcher, Starkweather and San Joaquin River, Middle Fork are listed under Madera County. For recorded information, call (855) 887-1275. The Town of Mammoth Lakes also typically stocks the Mammoth Lakes Basin lakes and Mammoth Creek every season.Delayed Harvest Waters. From October 1 through May 31 fishing on the following waters is permitted under specific regulations only: Only artificial lures may be used. No trout may be in possession (catch and release only) while fishing these waters. No bait may be in possession while fishing these waters. Trout license required October 1-June 15.Virginia Trout Fishing. Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, EPA, NPS | Use of data in publications, either digital or hardcopy, must be cited as follows: Trout Stocked Streams. 2017. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. Skip to Header Controller.ROANOKE, Va. (WFXR) — The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) has resumed its fall to spring trout stocking program. The DWR will stock select streams, lakes, and ponds around the commonwealth with rainbow, brown, brook, and tiger trout, depending on the body of water between October and June. A daily stocking schedule can be […]As part of the Governor’s Spring Trout Stocking Initiative, the stocking rate for Buffalo Creek has been permanently increased by 10% due to ideal angler access, water quality, and in-stream habitat improvements. Buffalo Creek is also scheduled to receive 2,500 fingerling rainbow trout this spring.In the event of inclement weather, missed stockings are made up by either additional stocking runs or additional fish added to upcoming stocking events. For a complete list of stocking locations and frequency of stockings, anglers should consult pages 14 and 15 of the 2023 West Virginia Fishing Regulations Summary, available to …Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources An official website of the Commonwealth of Virginia Here's how you know An official website Here's how you knowRainbow and golden rainbow trout are spawned starting in August, with brown and brook trout spawned in September and October, respectively. Trout eggs are hatched indoors and grown to fingerling size prior to moving to outside pools and/or raceways.The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources is adding two lakes to its stocking schedule and will be stocking state parks and forests with trout, according to a new DNR news release. Gov.Tinker Creek. Roanoke County. * The fee fishing areas are closed to angling from March 27 to 31. Heritage Waters are closed on March 31. On April 1, fishing can begin at 9:00 a.m. Celebrate trout fishing with friends and family on Trout Heritage Day! Some may find this day reminiscent of a traditional opening day of the trout season.West Virginia’s fall trout stocking season will start Oct. 19 and we’re giving anglers and their families more opportunities to enjoy a fishing trip by adding two new state park lakes to the stocking schedule and announcing dates for four other stockings. Virginia is blessed to have more than 700 streams harboring wild brook trout, 163 streams with wild rainbow trout and 92 streams containing wild brown trout. DGIF also raises all three trout species and stocks over 180 waters across the Commonwealth. Virginia has brook, rainbow, and brown trout swimming wild in streams, plus stocked fish of all ...Tinker Creek. Roanoke County. * The fee fishing areas are closed to angling from March 27 to 31. Heritage Waters are closed on March 31. On April 1, fishing can begin at 9:00 a.m. Celebrate trout fishing with friends and family on Trout Heritage Day! Some may find this day reminiscent of a traditional opening day of the trout season.These waters will only be considered designated stocked trout waters from October 1 through June 15 (trout license required). A trout license is not required from June 16 through September 30. Trout angling hours on designated stocked trout waters are from 5:00 am until one hour after sunset. See exceptions for Trout Heritage Waters, Urban ...Trout Stocking. Over the last 50+ years, ... North Monterey Farm / Virginia Trout Company. 5480 Potomac River Rd. Monterey, VA 24465. Scheduled pick-ups available. ... Contact Us today to schedule your delivery or pickup. Contact Us Laurel Hill Trout Farm PO Box 399 Champion, PA 15622The Spring Trout Stocking Program · January 1 – March 19: Waters open to fishing, with a 4 trout daily limit and a 9″ size minimum · March 20 – April 8 at 8:00 am ...Fish Stockings 2021 * * * COVID-19 Update * * * At this time, trout stocking will continue as scheduled in West Virginia Waters. However, in light of the COVID-19 quarantine guidelines, we are asking anglers to stay clear of our trout stocking staff and always maintain appropriate social distancing between other anglers.Sep 8, 2023 · DWR page regarding fishing information and reports. Virginia offers excellent, extremely diverse angling opportunities. With over 176,000 acres of public lakes and 27,300 miles of fishable streams, Virginia is sure to provide something for every freshwater angler. Trout Stocking Schedule ; 1st Stocking Dec. ; 2nd Stocking Jan. ; 3rd Stocking Feb. ; Total Estimated Trout Stocked for 2023-2024 Season, 4,743 trout, 3,825 trout ...West Virginia’s golden rainbow trout is prized by anglers young and old for its unmistakable, bright-yellow color. These fish were selectively and successfully bred by West Virginia Division of Natural Resources biologists over several years and introduced to the public in 1963 as part of West Virginia’s centennial celebration.Waters in the Urban Fishing Program will be considered designated stocked trout waters from November 1 through April 30 only (trout license required). A trout license is not required from May 1 through October 31. In addition trout may be creeled from these waters year-round and the trout creel limit is 4 per day, no fish less than 7 inches.Photos by Meghan Marchetti As the temperatures and the leaves drop, our biologists are stuffing the waters around Virginia with trout for you to catch this fall. The autumn trout stocking season in Virginia is in full effect. Despite the cooler weather, fall is actually a prime time to fish.Photo by bwainwright0110 (Depositphotos) Perhaps the best brook trout lake in Virginia, Switzer Lake (also known as Skidmore Lake) is a 118-acre lake in the wooded mountains west of Harrisonburg. Brookies measuring 12 to 16 inches are common, and individuals up to 3 pounds have been confirmed.Fall trout stockings return to nearly 40 lakes and streams around the state starting Oct. 18. Fall trout stocking only lasts two weeks, so make sure you plan a trip while there's still time. ... All trout anglers 15 and older need a West Virginia fishing license and trout stamp. Buy them today at WVfish.com. Buy License. 304-558-6200. Office ...However, beginning October 1, 2023 it will be categorized as a Class B trout water and will receive a total of five stockings for the 2023-2024 stocking season. In addition to a fishing license, anglers will be required to have a trout license to fish the pond between October 1 and June 15; anglers will be limited to the use of one rod during ...Apr 2, 2020 · The trout stocking season runs from the first Saturday in April to September 30th. The stream is , This dynamic Fish Planting Schedule is updated in real tim, DGIF is pre-announcing stockings of select trout waters this year. This new initiative is in response to recent s, The Insider Trading Activity of BOULET VIRGINIA on Mar, The W.Va. Division of Natural Resources manages trout , These warm water stations provide 2-5 million fish for annual stocking in V, Now, with social distancing and mask protocols in place, the stocking progra, Delayed Harvest Waters. From October 1 through May, Anglers are reminded that a trout license is needed in , Known for having some of the best trout fishing in the entire coun, 17 May 2021 ... Virginia Plans Trophy Trout Stocking ... DWR is planni, Jun 10, 2021 · Fish Stockings 2021 * * * COVID-19 Update * * * At t, Fall trout stockings return to nearly 40 lakes and streams aroun, SOUTH CHARLESTON, W.Va (WDTV) - The WVDNR has released th, Virginia’s trout season is open year-round and the ge, Weekly Hatchery Supported Stocking Schedule All sto, Source: Mountain Roots, Abandoned 1930s Trout Hatchery Reborn In, Fishing & Stocking Reports. Nevada is home to hundreds of bo.